Free Sample
The Complete Handbook of Elliptical Trainers
A Professional Reference for Fitness Facility Managers, Equipment Buyers, and Service Technicians
by Alumigogo Books
Chapter 1: Understanding Elliptical Trainers
An elliptical trainer is a stationary exercise machine that simulates the biomechanics of walking or running without the impact shock that comes from feet hitting a ground. The machine's pedals move along an elliptical (elongated circular) path: backward and downward, then forward and upward. Your feet remain in contact with the pedals throughout the entire motion. The moving handlebars typically engage your upper body in a coordinated, reciprocal pattern. The result is a smooth, continuous movement that feels distinctly different from treadmill running—less jarring, often described as feeling "floaty," and requiring coordination between upper and lower body.
As an exercise tool, the elliptical trainer occupies a well-defined position in commercial and home fitness: it's a cardiovascular machine for users who want lower-impact exercise than running, more active upper-body engagement than a stationary bike, and a natural stepping motion without the learning curve of a rowing machine or ski ergometer. For facility managers, it's one of the most popular cardio machines because it appeals to a broad demographic—from older users recovering from injury to younger athletes cross-training during running season. For equipment buyers and technicians, understanding how elliptical trainers actually function is essential: the machine involves mechanical, electrical, and software systems that interact in ways that confound many users and service people.
The basic mechanical principle is straightforward: your legs push and pull pedals that are connected to a crankshaft (like a bicycle), but the crank arms are offset and shaped so the pedals don't move